Of Peru. Review



The capital of Peru - Lima was founded almost 500 years ago - January 15, 1535 Its founder, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro thought it was extremely inhospitable place: seldom rains, earthquakes are frequent, and in the winter sky is all gray clouds. However, the soldiers of Pizarro, a place like this. In the case of insurrection of Indians here you can quickly escape to the sea and catch a boat.

The capital of Peru - Lima was founded almost 500 years ago - January 15, 1535 Its founder, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro thought it was extremely inhospitable place: seldom rains, earthquakes are frequent and in the winter sky is all gray clouds. However, the soldiers of Pizarro, a place like this. In the case of insurrection of Indians here you can quickly escape to the sea and come on board. Five years after the founding of Lima became the capital of the Spanish colonial authorities and received the title of "beautiful, lovely, loyal city of kings." However, this wonderful city considered only the Spaniards. There was almost no sources of fresh water, the wind blew constantly, and the ground barren. 3 / 5 throughout Peru is Amazon jungle. The roads here - the river, cars - motor boats or canoes. In the Amazon tropical forests are home to less than 8% of the total population. Our expedition went up the river Madre de Dios - one of the tributaries of the Amazon. Selva is so impassable that economic progress has not reached here. Because of this forest remain intact. Selva practically "mothballed" the life of the local tribes. Somewhere in here the aborigines live, who retained the primitive way of life. The only civilized people with whom they had ever talked, - missionaries. The main starting point for missionaries who intended to pay the Peruvian Indians to Catholicism, was the monastery of Santa Rosa de trench, founded in 1725, Franciscan missionaries. Trying to get here, many monks lost their lives. Some were killed on the road at the hands of savages, Indians and others were eaten by wild animals in the jungle. And now go to the monastery is not easy. We had to overcome more than three hundred kilometers of breathtaking mountain road, with endless tunnels, unexpected turns and serpentine, which ends somewhere in the abyss. Mad, roaring mountain rivers, seemed ready to wash away bridges, embankments, roads - everything that comes their way. The main pride of the monastery - the library. Most of the books were brought here in the saddlebags European priests, crossing the Andes by mule. In the founder of the library's taken more than three years to ensure that classify and arrange the books on the shelves. The library - the largest in Peru and the best in all of Latin America. The oldest and most valuable books here - manuscripts in biology, astronomy and theology in Europe, the diaries of the Spanish conquest with the descriptions of the New World. One of the most rare - this Bible in 1564, written in German. But the oldest book in the library written in 1490-m. Unique and mysterious Nazca lines in the wilderness has always attracted researchers. Nazca Lines - These are drawings of geometric shapes, animals and birds up to 300 meters, inscribed on a dry crust of the Nazca desert 2000 years ago and survived thanks to the complete absence of rain and winds that clear, but do not destroy the topsoil. candelabrum. It is believed that this figure is directly related to the Nazca lines. But they share more than a hundred kilometers of desert and a few kilometers of the sea. And you can only see the candelabrum on the Pacific Ocean, rounded the island on which it is located. Balestskie Islands - part of the Paracas National Reserve in Peru. Here lives the great number of birds and marine animals. It is said that passing ships anchored near the island Balestskih to refill the holds with fresh meat of outlandish creatures, never swam to the mainland. It seems that on these islands have never gone before. All berms and platforms for these mountains, befouled by birds. However, litter is not wasted - on the islands is guanovaya farm where the manure is collected for fertilizer. Arequipa, perhaps, be the most Spanish city in Latin America. In 1540 it was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco de Carvajal. Initially, the city consisted of a single estate, which is called "Beautiful villa Arequipa." Villa became a transit point for caravans carrying silver from the mines of Potosi rich in neighboring Bolivia in Kilkeel port for shipment to Spain. Later, around the villa up the whole city. In the 1541-meters, a year after its founding, the King of Spain granted this oasis at the foot of the volcano title of "Most Noble, loyalty, loyal city of Assumption of the Virgin in the lovely valley of Arequipa." Aymara Indians, who lived in this valley before the Spaniards expressed easier. They called the valley "Arequipa" that is "the place behind the peaked mountains." According to one version, Arequipa got its second name - White City for the beautiful home of white volcanic stone. On the other - in the settlement, founded by the Spaniards, there were so many Europeans, that during this call Arequipa White city. Not far from Arequipa is the deepest canyon in the world. Until the early '80s, the canyon of Kolkinskom did not know anything, because here it was impossible to reach even by helicopter, and the road was not in sight ... Canyon was formed in the fault between the two volcanoes - and Karapuno Ampat. Tuners water flowing at the bottom of the canyon, located at an altitude of 4000 meters above sea level. A length of the canyon - almost 100 miles. When approaching Cuzco, which is called and the most beautiful city in Peru, the archaeological capital of South America, it seems impossible to find among the mountains, not so much a place for landing, but even a football pitch. Circle - one of the mountain. Cusco is located in the Peruvian Andes at an altitude of 3399 meters above sea level and 1600 km from the capital - the city of Lima. The history of its origin goes back to antiquity. Archaeological excavations in the area of the city show that people lived in these mountains more 3000 years ago. Indian legend has it that the ancestors of the Incas - Manco Capac and his sister, she is a wife, mother came out of the Oklo waters of Lake Titicaca and founded the city. They searched the place where the golden staff Manco Capac enter the land. After finding it, they founded the ancient Inca city of Cuzco. To get to the ancient Incan fortress of Machu Picchu, we rented a helicopter. For a long time about the existence of a "lost city of the Incas" was legendary, but no one knew - if he really is. In the Spanish chronicles about him was not a word. Written evidence and have left the Incas. The fact that the city actually exist, it became known only at the beginning of XX century. In 1911, Hiram Bingham an American archaeologist who has devoted several years of searching for "Lost City of the Incas", stumbled upon a snaky, covered with dense thickets of an ancient city on top of the mountain.